Sciatica

Sciatica occurs when the nerve roots to the sciatic nerve become pinched. The cause is usually a herniated disk in the spine or an overgrowth of bone, sometimes called bone spurs, on the spinal bones. More rarely, a tumor can put pressure on the nerve.

Risk factors for sciatica include:

• Age. People ages 20 to 50 are most likely to have herniated disks. Bone spurs develop more commonly as people age.
• Obesity. Being overweight increases stress on the spine.
• Occupation. A job that requires twisting the back, carrying heavy loads or driving a motor vehicle for long periods might play a role in herniated disks.
• Prolonged sitting. People who sit a lot or don’t move much are more likely to develop herniated disks than active people are.
• Diabetes. This condition, which affects the way the body uses blood sugar, increases the risk of nerve damage.

Most people recover fully from sciatica caused by herniated disks, often without treatment. But sciatica can damage nerves. Seek immediate medical attention for:

• Loss of feeling in the affected leg.
• Weakness in the affected leg.
• Loss of bowel or bladder control.

It’s not always possible to prevent sciatica, and the condition can come back. To protect your back:

• Exercise regularly. To keep the back strong, work the core muscles — the muscles in the abdomen and lower back needed for good posture and alignment. A healthcare professional can recommend activities.
• Keep good posture when sitting. Choose a seat with good lower back support, armrests and a swivel base. For better low back support, place a pillow or rolled towel in the small of the back to keep its normal curve. Keep knees and hips level.
• Use your body correctly. When standing for long periods, rest one foot on a stool or small box from time to time. When lifting something heavy, let your legs do the work. Hold the load close to your body. Don’t lift and twist at the same time. Find someone to help lift heavy or awkward things.