As spring approaches… here’s how to tell the difference between allergies and a cold

As spring approaches and pollen concentrations rise in the air, the symptoms of a common cold can resemble those of pollen allergies (hay fever), leaving many people confused. The German Allergy and Asthma Association explains that there are key differences that help distinguish between the two conditions.

Difference in the nature of secretions

In the common cold – which is caused by viruses – the mucus is often thicker and tends to be yellow or green as the infection progresses.

In pollen allergies, the mucus is clear, thin, and more fluid.

sneezing pattern

Allergies are characterized by frequent and sudden bouts of sneezing, especially when exposed to fresh air or leaving the house.

In contrast, sneezing in a cold is less severe and often intermittent.

Itching and irritation of the eyes

Itching in the nose, eyes, or throat is a common sign of allergies and rarely accompanies a cold. Allergies are also associated with red, watery eyes.

Duration of symptoms

According to the World Health Organization, a common cold usually lasts 7 to 10 days, while pollen allergy symptoms may last for weeks or even months as long as exposure to the allergen continues.

Fever and body aches

Fever, muscle aches and general fatigue are more common symptoms of the common cold, while they are rarely associated with pollen allergies.

Treatment options

The German Allergy and Asthma Association recommends using antihistamines to relieve allergy symptoms, whether in the form of tablets, eye drops, or nasal sprays.

Avoiding allergens – such as closing windows during peak pollen times and washing clothes after returning from outside – also helps reduce symptoms.

As for the common cold, its treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through rest, drinking fluids, and using fever reducers when needed, as antibiotics are not helpful in treating it because it is a viral infection.

Doctors advise consulting a physician if symptoms persist for a long time, worsen, or if shortness of breath develops, especially in children, the elderly, and asthma patients.