Study warns: Ultra-processed foods weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures
Ultra-processed foods are quick and easy to prepare, and often cheaper. In recent years, excessive consumption of these foods has been linked to health risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer.
But according to a new study from Tulane University in the US, eating these ultra-processed foods may also be harmful to bones.
The study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, showed that people who eat larger amounts of ultra-processed foods have lower bone mineral density and a higher risk of hip fractures.
According to the study, which included more than 160,000 participants from the UK Biobank database, participants consume an average of about 8 servings of ultra-processed foods per day.
The risk of hip fractures increases by 10.5% with every additional 3.7 servings consumed daily.
While portions vary depending on the type of food, this amount is equivalent to a frozen dinner, a biscuit, and a soft drink.
Low bone mineral density
According to Medical Express , study co-author Lu Qi said: “The study sample was followed for more than 12 years, and we found that excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with decreased bone mineral density in several locations, including key areas of the upper femur and lumbar spine.”
He added: “Although recent studies have shown that consuming ultra-processed foods may affect bone health, this is the first time this relationship has been directly examined in humans.”
The study found that the negative relationship between ultra-processed foods and bone density was most pronounced in those under 65 years of age, and in people who were underweight (body mass index less than 18.5).
The effect of a low body mass index
A low body mass index is a risk factor for bone health and may exacerbate the effects of ultra-processed foods on bone density.
Chi explained that this relationship may be stronger in those under 65 years of age, due to the robustness of their digestive system functions, which helps absorb larger amounts of the unhealthy components found in these foods.
This study builds on previous research that examined the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and bone health. A 2024 study found that excessive consumption of these foods is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Another study conducted in 2016 on pregnant women and their children found that living near fast-food restaurants is associated with lower bone mineral content in infants.
Ultra-processed foods are manufactured products that contain high amounts of salt, sweeteners, and unhealthy fats. They are typically high in energy and lack whole foods, or contain very little of them.
In 2023, these foods accounted for approximately 55% of the total calories consumed by young people and adults.
Chi said: “Ultra-processed foods can be easily found in any grocery store, and these findings increase concerns about their potential impact on our bone health.”